An Analytical Study of Punishment Concepts in Divine Religions: Insights from the Quran, Sunnah

سماوی مذاہب میں سزاؤں کے تصورات کا قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

Authors

  • Asadullah Mubashir Doctoral Candidate, Department Of Islamic Studies, The Islamia University Of Bahawalpur/ Est, Ges Weslan Bahawalpur
  • Taswar Hussain Lecturer, Dept. of Qur’anic Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.67101/alamir.v5i03.179

Keywords:

Islam, reward and punishment, justice system, interfaith harmony, Quran, Hadith, ethics, societal reform, religious unity, Abrahamic religions, social order

Abstract

In recent times, Islam has often been unfairly labeled as a religion that promotes fear and extremism due to its teachings on reward and punishment. However, such principles are not unique to Islam; they are also present in other major religions. Rather than spreading misunderstandings, it is essential to recognize the values within these beliefs that aim to build a just and peaceful society. This approach promotes unity among religions and helps reduce hatred and hostility.

Islam has a unique, detailed, and well-organized system of justice based on reliable sources, especially the Quran, which has remained unchanged. In addition, the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) serve as a secondary, verified source, providing a clear guide. Even teachings from the Torah and Bible are referenced to show shared moral values among religions.

Justice has been a part of human history since ancient times, with each religion offering its own perspective. In Islam, personal freedom is respected but limited by divine rules to protect others' rights. If these limits are crossed, certain punishments are outlined to restore peace and prevent harm. By following these principles, social order can be maintained, but ignoring them can lead to more problems. This study explores these ideas in three main sections to provide a clearer understanding.

Views & Downloads Stats:

Stats are being updated.

References

Al-Qurʾān, 33:59–60.

Al-Qurʾān, 56:11.

Al-Qurʾān, 29:5.

Al-Qurʾān, 37:25.

Al-Qurʾān, 81:11.

Al-Qurʾān, 51:94.

Al-Qurʾān, 67:5.

Al-Qurʾān, 77:7–8.

Al-Qurʾān, 69:6–7.

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kailānī, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān (Lahore: Maktabah al-Salām, 1st ed., 1432 AH), 1:76.

Al-Qurʾān, 7:163–166.

Al-Qurʾān, 7:167–169.

Al-Qurʾān, 6:146.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-Lāwiyyīn, 11:40–41; al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Risālat Dīwār, 7:14.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:160.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:155.

Al-Qurʾān, 2:79.

Al-Qurʾān, 9:34–35.

Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Musnad al-Mukhtaṣar min Umūr al-Rasūl wa Sunanih wa Ayyāmih (Riyadh: Maktabah Dār al-Salām, 1st ed., 1433 AH), Kitāb al-Manāqib, Ḥadīth no. 3635.

Al-Qurʾān, 59:5.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-Lāwiyyīn, 16:24.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Risālat Dīwār, 6:17.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-Lāwiyyīn, 27:20.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Risālat Dīwār, 21:21.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-Lāwiyyīn, 14:20.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-Lāwiyyīn, 9:21.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-Lāwiyyīn, 18:24.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Bāb 20, 45:20.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Risālat Dīwār, 12:7.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Qadīm, Safar al-ʿAmdiyā, 36:15.

Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Dhahabī, Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 11th ed., 1417 AH/1996 AD), 2:14.

Al-Qurʾān, 5:79–80.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Injīl Mattā, 22:5.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Injīl Mattā, 5:15.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Injīl Mattā, 6:9.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Injīl Mattā, 18:8–9.

Al-Qurʾān, 67:38.

Al-Qurʾān, 21:33–48.

Al-Qurʾān, 54:28.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Injīl Yūḥannā, Bāb 8.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Aʿmāl al-Rusul, Bāb 6.

Al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas, al-ʿAhd al-Jadīd, Risālat Dīwār, 25:1–3.

Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad Imām Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, trans. Saʿīd Mujtabā Saʿīdī (Lahore: Anṣār al-Sunnah Publications, n.d.), Ḥadīth nos. 9030, 10025.

Al-Qurʾān, 34:4.

Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath al-Sijistānī, Sunan Abī Dāwūd (Riyadh: Maktabah Dār al-Salām, 1st ed., 1427 AH), Kitāb al-Ṣalāh, Ḥadīth no. 495.

al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Muḥāribīn, Ḥadīth no. 6848.

Waḥīd al-Zamān, Al-Qāmūs al-Jadīd, maddah: "Q-Ṣ-Ṣ".

Amīn al-Iḥsān Majaddī and Muḥammad Barkatī, Qawāʿid al-Fiqh (Karachi: Al-Ṣadaf Publishers, 1st ed., 1986), p. 187.

Al-Qurʾān, 45:5.

Ibn al-Humām, Sharḥ Fatḥ al-Qadīr (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2003), 11:318.

Al-Qurʾān, 2:178.

Al-Qurʾān, 2:179.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Diyāt, Ḥadīth nos. 4541–4542.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:92.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:24.

Al-Qurʾān, 5:33.

Al-Qurʾān, 5:38.

Al-Qurʾān, 2:24.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:25.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Ḥudūd, Ḥadīth no. 4353.

Abū ʿĪsā Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-Tirmidhī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Mukhtaṣar min al-Sunan ʿan Rasūl Allāh (Lahore: Islāmī Kutub Khānah, n.d.), Kitāb al-Ḥudūd, Ḥadīth no. 1432.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Ḥudūd, Ḥadīth no. 4488.

Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb al-Nasāʾī, Sunan al-Nasāʾī al-Mujtabā (Mumbai: Dār al-ʿIlm, 2012), Kitāb al-Muḥārabah, Ḥadīth no. 4069.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Farāʾiḍ, Ḥadīth no. 4361.

al-Tirmidhī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Mukhtaṣar, Kitāb al-Ḥudūd, Ḥadīth no. 1460.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Farāʾiḍ, Ḥadīth no. 3043.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Farāʾiḍ, Ḥadīth no. 4462.

Al-Qurʾān, 21:29.

Al-Qurʾān, 39:65.

Al-Qurʾān, 14:19–22.

Al-Qurʾān, 3:145.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:115.

Al-Qurʾān, 19:25.

Al-Qurʾān, 5:10.

Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, al-Musnad, 7:381, Ḥadīth no. 8052.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:93.

Al-Qurʾān, 12:49.

Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, al-Musnad, 1:599, Ḥadīth no. 1090; al-Bayhaqī, Shuʿab al-Īmān, 3:46, Ḥadīth no. 2823.

al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Zakāh, Ḥadīth nos. 1403, 1460.

Abū Dāwūd, Sunan Abī Dāwūd, Kitāb al-Adab, Ḥadīth no. 4878.

al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Janāʾiz, Ḥadīth no. 1386.

Al-Qurʾān, 7:20–35; al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Janāʾiz, Ḥadīth no. 1386.

al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Janāʾiz, Ḥadīth no. 1386.

al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb al-Buyūʿ, Ḥadīth no. 2085.

al-Bukhārī, Al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Kitāb Badʾ al-Khalq, Ḥadīth no. 3267.

Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj, al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ (Riyadh: Maktabat Dār al-Salām, 1435 AH), Kitāb al-Imārah, Ḥadīth no. 4923.

al-Nasāʾī, Sunan al-Nasāʾī al-Mujtabā, Kitāb al-Aymān wa al-Nudhūr, Ḥadīth no. 3801.

Al-Qurʾān, 4:10.

Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl al-Bukhārī, al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ (Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm, 1987), Kitāb al-Manāqib, Ḥadīth no. 3508.

Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, al-Musnad (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1999), 9:300, Ḥadīth no. 9775.

al-Nasāʾī, Sunan al-Nasāʾī al-Mujtabā, Kitāb al-Zakāh, Ḥadīth no. 2563.

Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, al-Musnad, 6:21, Ḥadīth no. 5726.

Muḥammad ibn Yazīd Ibn Mājah al-Qazwīnī, Sunan Ibn Mājah (Riyadh: Maktabah Dār al-Salām, 1428 AH), Kitāb al-Nikāḥ, Ḥadīth no. 1903.

Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, al-Musnad, 4:83, Ḥadīth no. 3527.

al-Bukhārī, al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ (Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm, 1987), Kitāb al-Maẓālim, Ḥadīth no. 2452.

Al-Qurʾān, 6:31.

Al-Qurʾān, 3:188.

al-Bukhārī, al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥadīth no. 3508.

Aḥmad, al-Musnad, 9:300, Ḥadīth no. 9775.

al-Nasāʾī, Sunan al-Nasāʾī al-Mujtabā, Ḥadīth no. 2563.

Aḥmad, al-Musnad, 6:21, Ḥadīth no. 5726.

Ibn Mājah, Sunan Ibn Mājah, Ḥadīth no. 1903.

Aḥmad, al-Musnad, 4:83, Ḥadīth no. 3527.

al-Bukhārī, al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, Ḥadīth no. 2452.

Al-Qurʾān, 6:31.

Al-Qurʾān, 3:188.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

Mubashir, A., & Hussain, T. (2024). An Analytical Study of Punishment Concepts in Divine Religions: Insights from the Quran, Sunnah: سماوی مذاہب میں سزاؤں کے تصورات کا قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ . Al-Amīr Research Journal for Islamic Studies, 5(03), 78–97. https://doi.org/10.67101/alamir.v5i03.179